Efektivitas Hidroterapi sebagai Terapi Komplementer dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi Stadium I: Studi Quasi Eksperimen

Eny Pujiati(1*), Vera Fitriana(2), Ambarwati Ambarwati(3), Icca Narayani Pramudaningsih(4), Wahyu Yusianto(5),

(1) Institut Teknologi Kesehatan Cendekia Utama Kudus
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi dapat dilakukan melalui terapi farmakologis dan nonfarmakologis. Hidroterapi rendam kaki air hangat merupakan salah satu bentuk terapi komplementer yang dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah melalui mekanisme vasodilatasi perifer dan relaksasi otot. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas hidroterapi rendam kaki air hangat dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi stadium I. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pendekatan pretest–posttest with control group design. Sampel terdiri atas 30 responden penderita hipertensi stadium I yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, dengan 15 responden pada kelompok intervensi dan 15 responden pada kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan tambahan hidroterapi rendam kaki air hangat bersuhu 37–40°C selama 15–20 menit setiap hari selama 7 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya menerima perawatan rutin tanpa hidroterapi. Tekanan darah diukur sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan sphygmomanometer digital. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann–Whitney. Hasil: terdapat penurunan signifikan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada kelompok intervensi (p < 0,05), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat perubahan signifikan (p > 0,05). Perbandingan antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan bahwa hidroterapi secara signifikan lebih efektif dibandingkan perawatan rutin. Kesimpulan: Hidroterapi rendam kaki air hangat efektif sebagai terapi komplementer dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi stadium I. Terapi ini dapat diterapkan sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologis yang aman, mudah, dan ekonomis baik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan maupun di rumah.

Kata Kunci:
Hidroterapi, Tekanan darah, Hipertensi

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that serves as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The management of hypertension can be carried out through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Warm water foot soak hydrotherapy is a form of complementary therapy that may help reduce blood pressure through mechanisms of peripheral vasodilation and muscle relaxation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of warm water foot soak hydrotherapy in reducing blood pressure among patients with stage I hypertension. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest with control group approach. The sample consisted of 30 respondents with stage I hypertension selected through purposive sampling, comprising 15 respondents in the intervention group and 15 in the control group. The intervention group received additional warm water foot soak hydrotherapy at a temperature of 37–40°C for 15–20 minutes daily over seven days, while the control group received only routine care without hydrotherapy. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group (p < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in the control group (p > 0.05). The comparison between the two groups indicated that hydrotherapy was significantly more effective than routine care. Conclusion: Warm water foot soak hydrotherapy is effective as a complementary therapy in reducing blood pressure among patients with stage I hypertension. This therapy can be applied as a safe, simple, and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention, both in healthcare facilities and at home.

Keywords: Hydrotherapy, Blood pressure, Hypertension.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31596/jcu.v14i2.2931

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