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DAMPAK PROGRAM PEMBERIAN MAKANAN DI SEKOLAH TERHADAP ASUPAN GIZI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
Deva Agustina(1*), Ahmad Syafiq(2), (1) Universitas Indonesia
(2) Universitas Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Program pemberian makanan di sekolah merupakan salah satu intervensi gizi yang penting untuk mengatasi rendahnya kualitas asupan gizi pada anak usia sekolah terutama di kelompok berpendapatan rendah yang rentan mengalami defisit energi dan mikronutrien. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak program makanan sekolah terhadap asupan gizi melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Metode penelusuran dilakukan pada beberapa basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan MDPI dengan kriteria inklusi mencakup studi primer yang ditulis menggunakan bahasa inggris dan terbuka (open access) dalam rentang tahun 2021–2025 serta memiliki kaitan dengan makanan di sekolah yang mempengaruhi asupan gizi pada anak usia sekolah. Dari kajian menunjukkan bahwa program makanan sekolah mampu meningkatkan kualitas pola makan melalui penurunan konsumsi kalori berlebih, gula, dan lemak jenuh, serta memperbaiki keragaman pangan dan kecukupan beberapa zat gizi seperti protein, zat besi, seng, dan kalsium. Kombinasi program makan siang dengan edukasi gizi terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktik makan sehat, disertai penurunan prevalensi anemia. Meskipun demikian, beberapa studi menekankan bahwa kontribusi energi, serat, vitamin C, dan beberapa mikronutrien lain masih belum optimal, terutama akibat variasi menu yang terbatas dan rendahnya konsumsi buah dan sayur. Program makan sekolah juga dipengaruhi oleh preferensi makan anak dan perilaku konsumsi yang menyebabkan tingginya sisa makanan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa program pemberian makanan di sekolah berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas diet dan status gizi, namun diperlukan perbaikan pada aspek keberagaman menu, penerimaan anak, serta integrasi edukasi gizi agar manfaat program dapat optimal dan berkelanjutan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31596/jkm.v13i3.2938
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